Securing the "defense and custody" of the campaigns : Vaquerías and interethnic diplomacy on the Sierras Pampeanas during the first half of the XVIIIth century

El trabajo analiza un hecho que puede ser considerado el primer contacto diplomático oficial entre las autoridades de Buenos Aires y los indígenas de la pampa: el nombramiento, en febrero de 1717, de dos caciques que habitaban las serranías como Guardas Mayores para la "defensa y custodia" de las campañas. Para entender el motivo de este hecho sin precedentes se analizan los crecientes conflictos entre hispanocriollos por el acceso al ganado cimarrón y los intensos contactos en las serranías durante las décadas de transición del siglo XVII al XVIII donde convergían indígenas de diferentes regiones -incluyendo el área cordillerana- e hispanocriollos de diferentes jurisdicciones, todos ellos atraídos por la abundancia de ganado cimarrón. Finalmente, el trabajo ofrece una interpretación del nombramiento de los caciques en 1717 en función tanto de los intereses porteños como de los intereses indígenas.This article analyzes what can be considered the first official diplomatic contact between the authorities of Buenos Aires and the indigenous people of La Pampa: the assignment, on February 1717, of two caciques that inhabited the mountainous region like "Guardias Mayores" to "defend and custody" the campaign. To understand the motive of this unpredecedent action we will analyze the increasing conflicts between hispanocriollos to access wild cattle and the intense contacts between indigenous people of different places -including the mountain area- and hispanocriollos of different jurisdictions on the mountainous region during the transitional decades between XVIIth and XVIIIth, all of them attracted by the abundance of wild cattle. Finally, this work offers an interpretation of the caciques' assignment in 1717 as useful to the porteños' and indigenous' interests.Dossier: Poder, conflicto y redes sociales en la frontera pampeanaDepartamento de Histori

Asegurar la 'defensa y custodia' de las campañas: Vaquerías y diplomacia interétnica en las sierras pampeanas durante la primera mitad del siglo XVIII

El trabajo analiza un hecho que puede ser considerado el primer contacto diplomático oficial entre las autoridades de Buenos Aires y los indígenas de la pampa: el nombramiento, en febrero de 1717, de dos caciques que habitaban las serranías como Guardas Mayores para la "defensa y custodia" de las campañas. Para entender el motivo de este hecho sin precedentes se analizan los crecientes conflictos entre hispanocriollos por el acceso al ganado cimarrón y los intensos contactos en las serranías durante las décadas de transición del siglo XVII al XVIII donde convergían indígenas de diferentes regiones -incluyendo el área cordillerana- e hispanocriollos de diferentes jurisdicciones, todos ellos atraídos por la abundancia de ganado cimarrón. Finalmente, el trabajo ofrece una interpretación del nombramiento de los caciques en 1717 en función tanto de los intereses porteños como de los intereses indígenas

Securing the "defense and custody" of the campaigns : Vaquerías and interethnic diplomacy on the Sierras Pampeanas during the first half of the XVIIIth century

El trabajo analiza un hecho que puede ser considerado el primer contacto diplomático oficial entre las autoridades de Buenos Aires y los indígenas de la pampa: el nombramiento, en febrero de 1717, de dos caciques que habitaban las serranías como Guardas Mayores para la "defensa y custodia" de las campañas. Para entender el motivo de este hecho sin precedentes se analizan los crecientes conflictos entre hispanocriollos por el acceso al ganado cimarrón y los intensos contactos en las serranías durante las décadas de transición del siglo XVII al XVIII donde convergían indígenas de diferentes regiones -incluyendo el área cordillerana- e hispanocriollos de diferentes jurisdicciones, todos ellos atraídos por la abundancia de ganado cimarrón. Finalmente, el trabajo ofrece una interpretación del nombramiento de los caciques en 1717 en función tanto de los intereses porteños como de los intereses indígenas.This article analyzes what can be considered the first official diplomatic contact between the authorities of Buenos Aires and the indigenous people of La Pampa: the assignment, on February 1717, of two caciques that inhabited the mountainous region like "Guardias Mayores" to "defend and custody" the campaign. To understand the motive of this unpredecedent action we will analyze the increasing conflicts between hispanocriollos to access wild cattle and the intense contacts between indigenous people of different places -including the mountain area- and hispanocriollos of different jurisdictions on the mountainous region during the transitional decades between XVIIth and XVIIIth, all of them attracted by the abundance of wild cattle. Finally, this work offers an interpretation of the caciques' assignment in 1717 as useful to the porteños' and indigenous' interests.Dossier: Poder, conflicto y redes sociales en la frontera pampeanaDepartamento de Histori

Health and Social Service Needs of US-Citizen Children with Detained or Departed Immigrant Parents

The second report offers findings from fieldwork in five study sites in California, Florida, Illinois, South Carolina and Texas, examining the involvement of families with a deported parent with health and social service systems, as well as their needs and the barriers they face accessing such services. The researchers find that family economic hardship is highly prevalent following parental detention and deportation, while child welfare system involvement is rarer. Schools represent a promising avenue for interaction with these families and delivery of services, as school officials cannot inquire about immigration status and thus are perceived as safer intermediaries by unauthorized immigrant parents who may be skeptical of interaction with other government agencies. Other important sources of support include health providers, legal service providers and community- and faith-based organizations that immigrants trust

An updated checklist of the vascular flora of Montagna di Torricchio State Nature Reserve (Marche, Italy)

This study aims to increase floristic knowledge of Marche by means of a survey in the Montagna di Torricchio State Nature Reserve (central Italy). The Reserve, located in the central Apennines, covers about 3.2 km2 at altitudes ranging from 820 to 1,491 m a.s.l. It has been owned and managed as a strict reserve by the University of Camerino since 1970: all the anthropic activities ceased about 50 years ago, except for a minimal area where mowing and cattle grazing are still allowed. The floristic list consists of 789 specific and subspecific taxa belonging to 81 families and 352 genera. Two species are new for Italy (Taraxacum calocarpum and T. pulchrifolium) and 14 for Marche regional flora. Compared to previous floristic studies, we found 127 more taxa but we showed a certain stability in the life-form spectrum, suggesting limited effects of dynamic processes related to climate and land-use changes. The negligible number of alien species (11) is probably related to the limitations to anthropic activities in the Reserve. The occurrence of taxa never recorded for Italy and Marche highlights the floristic value of the Reserve for species conservation in the central Apennines

TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open access

Plant traits - the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants - determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait‐based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits - almost complete coverage for ‘plant growth form’. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait–environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives

Plant–environment interactions through a functional traits perspective: a review of Italian studies

Italy is among the European countries with the greatest plant diversity due to both a great environmental heterogeneity and a long history of man–environment interactions. Trait-based approaches to ecological studies have developed greatly over recent decades worldwide, although several issues concerning the relationships between plant functional traits and the environment still lack sufficient empirical evaluation. To draw insights on the association between plant functional traits and direct and indirect human and natural pressures on the environmental drivers, this article summarizes the existing knowledge on this topic by reviewing the results of studies performed in Italy adopting a functional trait approach on vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens. Although we recorded trait measurements for 1418 taxa, our review highlighted some major gaps in plant traits knowledge: Mediterranean ecosystems are poorly represented; traits related to belowground organs are still overlooked; traits measurements for bryophytes and lichens are lacking. Finally, intraspecific variation has been little studied at community level so far. We conclude by highlighting the need for approaches evaluating trait–environment relationship at large spatial and temporal scales and the need of a more effective contribution to online databases to tie more firmly Italian researchers to international scientific networks on plant traits

Securing the 'defense and custody' of the campaigns : Vaquerías and interethnic diplomacy on the Sierras Pampeanas during the first half of the XVIIIth century

El trabajo analiza un hecho que puede ser considerado el primer contacto diplomático oficial entre las autoridades de Buenos Aires y los indígenas de la pampa: el nombramiento, en febrero de 1717, de dos caciques que habitaban las serranías como Guardas Mayores para la "defensa y custodia" de las campañas. Para entender el motivo de este hecho sin precedentes se analizan los crecientes conflictos entre hispanocriollos por el acceso al ganado cimarrón y los intensos contactos en las serranías durante las décadas de transición del siglo XVII al XVIII donde convergían indígenas de diferentes regiones -incluyendo el área cordillerana- e hispanocriollos de diferentes jurisdicciones, todos ellos atraídos por la abundancia de ganado cimarrón. Finalmente, el trabajo ofrece una interpretación del nombramiento de los caciques en 1717 en función tanto de los intereses porteños como de los intereses indígenas.This article analyzes what can be considered the first official diplomatic contact between the authorities of Buenos Aires and the indigenous people of La Pampa: the assignment, on February 1717, of two caciques that inhabited the mountainous region like "Guardias Mayores" to "defend and custody" the campaign. To understand the motive of this unpredecedent action we will analyze the increasing conflicts between hispanocriollos to access wild cattle and the intense contacts between indigenous people of different places -including the mountain area- and hispanocriollos of different jurisdictions on the mountainous region during the transitional decades between XVIIth and XVIIIth, all of them attracted by the abundance of wild cattle. Finally, this work offers an interpretation of the caciques' assignment in 1717 as useful to the porteños' and indigenous' interests

Historia del sector sin fines de lucro en Argentina

Desarrollado por el área de Sociedad Civil y Desarrollo SocialÁrea de Sociedad Civil, Cultura y Desarroll

El desarrollo histórico del sector sin fines de lucro en la Argentina: debate con algunos modelos teóricos

Desarrollado por el área de Sociedad Civil y Desarrollo SocialÁrea de Sociedad Civil, Cultura y Desarroll